Osteologia – SKELETON

CRANIUM

Zona flexoria [Ginglymus] craniofacialis (Arthr. Annot. 46)

CALVARIA 16 (Figs. 4.1, 2, 5, 6)

Lamina externa

Frons

Depressio frontalis l4

Fossa temporalis104

Meatus acusticus externus 19

Fossa glandulae nasalis l5

Occiput

Prominentia cerebellaris 16

Crista [Linea] nuchalis sagittalis 17

Crista [Linea] nuchalis transversa 17

Facies nuchalis

Foramen rami occipitalis ophthalmicae externae

Lamina interna

Crista vallecularis lO6

Crista frontalis interna 14

Tuberculum pineale 37

Fossa cerebelli 36

Crista maginalis 36

Impressio eminentiae sagittalis 106

Sulcus sinus sagittalis dorsalis (Ven. Annot. 31)

Cellulae pneumaticae6

BASIS CRANII EXTERNA 28 (see Figs. 4.4) and Ossa cranii)

Lamina parasphenoidalis [L. basitemporalis]96

Ala parasphenoidalis

Basis rostri parasphenoidali

Proc. basipterygoideus93

Proc. lateralis parasphenoidalis97

Proc. medialis parasphenoidalis97

Os basioccipitale

Canales n. hypoglossi

Condylus occipitalis83

Tuberculum basilare83

Os exoccipitale

Fossa parabasalis86

Crista fossae parabasalis86

Proc. paroccipitalis [P. paroticus]85

Foramen magnum 18

Os laterosphenoidale [0. pleurosphenoidale] 88

CAVUM CRANII [CAVITAS CRANIALlS) (see Fig. 4.6; Cranium and Ossa cranii for additional terminology)

BASIS CRANII INTERNA

Eminentia aqueductus vestibuli

Fossa cranii caudalis

Canales n. hypoglossi

Eminentia canalis semicircularis

Foramen magnuml8

Fossa acustica interna lOI

Fossa medullae oblongatae

Fovea ganglii vagoglossopharyngealis39

Fossa cranii media35

Fossa tecti mesencephali (CNS)

Fossa ganglii trigemini

Crista tentorialis

Fossa cranii rostralis

Crista frontalis interna 14

Foramen ethmoidale34

Foramen n. olfactorii

Foramen opticum32

Fossa bulbi olfactorii

Septum osseum fossae bulbi33

Fossa cerebelli36

Crista marginalis36

Fossa auriculae cerebelli 38

Sulcus V. semicircularis

OSSA CRANII 8 (see Intro. Figs. 4.1-6)

Os basioccipitale

Condylus occipitalis83

Incisura mediana condyli83

Tuberculum basilare83

Facies externa

Facies medullae oblongatae

Fossa subcondylaris

Fovea ganglii vagoglossopharyngealis39

Os exoccipitale

Canalis semicircularis posterior

Facies cerebralis

Facies externa (see Cav. cran.)

Fossa parabasalis86

Crista fossae parabasalis86

Foramen n. glossopharyngealis39

Foramen n. vagi39

Ostium canalis carotici

Ostium canalis ophthalmici externi 27 86

Incisura foraminis magni

Proc. condylaris83

Canales n. hypoglossi

Proc. paroccipitalis [P. paroticus] 85 20

Os supraoccipitale

Crista [Linea] nuchalis trans versa 17

Facies cerebellaris (see Cav. cran.)

Facies nuchalis

Fonticulus occipitalis8 7

Foramen v. occipitalis externae

Os Laterosphenoidale [Os pleurosphenoidale ] 88

Facies orbitalis

Area muscularis aspera89

Proc. postorbitalis 30a

Facies cerebralis

Canalis n. maxillomandibularis90

Foramen n. maxillomandibularis90

Foramen n. abducentis

Foramen n. oculomotorii

Foramen n. trochlearis

Foramen n. ophthalmici90

Incisura n. optici

Facies tecti mesencephali

Fossa ganglii trigemini

Sulcus n. ophthalmici

Sulcus n. trochlearis

Facies temporalis

Os basisphenoidale (Fig. 4.6)

Facies cerebralis

Canalis n. abducentis

Sella turcica9 1 (Fig. 4.6)

Dorsum sellae91

Fossa hypophysialis

Foramen ophthalmicum internum91

Ostium canalis carotici

(Canalis craniopharyngealis)92

Os parasphenoidale (Figs. 4.4, 5)

Rostrum parasphenoidale [R. sphenoidale]96

Canalis orbitalis95

Facies articularis palatina

Facies articularis pterygoidea

Facies articularis vomeralis

Basis rostri parasphenoidalis94

Proc. basipterygoideus93

Canalis orbitalis95

Lamina parasphenoidalis [L. basitemporalis ] 96

Ala parasphenoidalis84 20

Proc. lateralis parasphenoidalis97

Proc. medialis parasphenoidalis97 49

Canalis caroticus cranialis99 121

Crista basilaris transversa

Crista fossae parabasalis86

Tuba auditiva [pharyngotympanica] communis 94 98

Ostium pharyngeale

Ostium tympanicum

Os squamosum [Squamosum]l02

Facies cerebralis

Facies externa

Cotyla quadratica squamosi 100

Fossa temporalis lO4

Crista temporalis lO4

Fossa subtemporalis lO4

Proc. postorbitalis30

Proc. suprameaticus lO3

Proc. zygomaticus lO2

Ossa otica l05 (see Cav. tymp.)

Os epioticum

Os opisthoticum

Os prooticum24

Os metoticum

Cotyla quadratica otici24

Pila otica24

Proc. paroccipitalis [Po parotica]85

Vestibulum

Canales semicirculares ossei (Sens. Intro.)

Canalis semicircularis anterior

Canalis v. semicircularis anterioris (Ven. Annot.32, 36)

Canalis semicircularis lateralis

Canalis V. semicircularis lateralis (Ven. Annot. 32, 36)

Canalis semicircularis posterior

Cochlea (Sens. Annot. 40-43)

Lagena (Sens. Annot. 55)

Fossa acustica internalOl

Foramen n. ampullaris caudalis

Foramen n. ampullaris lateralis

Foramen n. ampullaris rostralis

Foramen n. cochlearis

Foramen n. facialis

Os parietale

Crista [Linea] nuchalis transversa 17

Facies externa

Facies interna

Os frontale l4

Facies cerebralis

Crista vallecularis I 06

Impressio eminentiae sagittalis (CNS Annot. 78)

Crista frontalis interna l4

Sulcus sinus sagittalis dorsalis (Ven. Annot. 31)

Facies dorsalis

Fossa glandulae nasalis l5

Foramina neurovascularia

Facies orbitalis

Impressio glandulae nasalis

Margo supraorbitalis

Proc. lacrimalis [P. prefrontalis ]107

Os mesethmoidale l08

Lamina dorsalis 108

Septum nasale osseum55 108

Sulcus n. olfactorii31

Os ectethmoidale [Os latero-ethmoidale]l09

Facies nasalis

Facies orbitalis

Os lacrimale [Os prefrontale]110

Facies articularis frontonasalis III

Incisura ductus nasolacrimalis (Sens. Annot. 38)

Proc. orbitalis

Proc. supraorbitalis

CAVUM TYMPANICUM [CAVITAS TYMPANICA]21 19

Canalis ophthalmicus externus27 86

Cotylae quadratica otici24 100

Cotyla quadratica squamosi24 100

Ostium canalis tubae auditivae [pharyngotympanicae]

Columella (Sens. Annot. 55)

Foramen m. columellae

Hiatus subtympanicus20

Pila otica [Po prootica]24

Recessus columellae [R. antevestibularis]22

Fenestra vestibuli22

Fenestra cochleae [F. pseudorotunda] 22

Recessus pneumatici paratympanici 23 49

Recessus tympanicus caudalis26

Foramen pneumaticum caudale

Recessus tympanicus dorsalis25

Foramen pneumaticum dorsale

Recessus tympanicus rostralis26

Foramen pneumaticum rostrale

Cellulae pneumaticae

Siphonium49

ORBITA 29 (Figs. 4.1, 2)

Paries caudalis orbitae

Os laterosphenoidale [Os pleurosphenoidale ]88

Proc. postorbitalis30a

Paries dorsalis orbitae

Impressio gl. nasalis 15

Os frontale

Paries medialis orbitae

Septum interorbitale29

Paries rostralis orbitae lO9

Os ectethmoidale lO9

Fonticuli interorbitales29

Fonticuli orbitocraniales29

Foramen n. maxillomandibularis90

Foramen n. olfactorii

Foramen n. ophthalmici90

Foramen opticum32 (see Os lat. sphen.)

Foramen orbitonasale laterale31

Foramen orbitonasale mediale31

Margo supraorbitalis

Margo infraorbitalis

Arcus suborbitalis30b

Sulcus n. olfactorii31

FACIES 8

MAXILLA (see Ossa max. et palati) (Fig. 4.4)

Fenestra antorbitalis [F. orbitonasalis]9

Hiatus craniofacialis septi 10

Arcus jugalis 11

Arcus suborbitalis 30

Rostrum maxillae40

Palatum osseum

Concavitas palati

Fissura interpalatina

Fenestra palatina 13

Canalis neurovascularis maxillae 57

Canaliculi neurovasculares57

Foramina neurovascularia57

Foveae corpusculorum nervosorum41

Dentes 82

 CAVUM NASI [CAVITAS NASALIS]

Apertura nasi [nasalis] ossea12

Pila supranasalis12

Septum nasi [nasale] osseum55

Conchae nasales55 (Resp.)

Recessus pneurnatici paranasales (Resp.)

Fossa antorbitalis9

Os ectethmoidale109

MANDIBULA (see Ossa mand.) (Figs. 4.1, 2)

Rostrum [Symphysis] mandibulae40

Ramus mandibulae

Pars caudalis42

Pars intermedia42

Pars symphysialis42

Angulus mandibulae43

Crista tomialis56

Facies lateralis

Facies medialis

Proc. coronoideus44

Proc .. lateralis mandibulae49d 84 96

Proc. medialis mandibulae49d 84 96

Facies articularis parasphenoidalis 49d

Fenestra caudalis mandibulae46

Fenestra rostralis mandibulae46

Fossa aditus canalis neurovascularis48

Fossa lateralis mandibulae48

Canalis neurovascularis mandibulae47

Canaliculi neurovasculares57

Foramina neurovascularia57

Foveae corpusculorum nervosorum41 57

Tuberculum pseudotemporale45

Fossa articularis quadratica49a

Coty lae fossae articularis49a

Cotyla caudalis

Cotyla lateralis 72

Cotyla rostralis 72

Cotyla medialis (see Quadr.)

Sulcus intercotylaris49a

Tuberculum intercotylare [Crista intercotylaris ]49a

Foramen pneumaticum articulare49c

Proc. retroarticularis49b

Incisura retroarticularis49b

Fossa caudalis51

Crista transversa fossae51

Recessus conicalis50

Dentes 82

OSSA FACIEI 8 (Intra.)

OSSA MAXILLAE ET PALATI (Figs. 4.4, 7)

Os nasale

Proc. frontalis

Proc. maxillaris54

Proc. premaxillaris54

Os premaxillare

Corpus ossis premaxillare

Proc. frontalis

Proc. maxillaris54

Proc. palatinus

Crista tomialis56

Canalis neurovascularis maxillae57

Canaliculi neurovasculares

Foramina neurovascularia57

Foveae corpusculorum nervosorum41

Rostrum maxillae40

Os maxillare 53

Crista tomialis56

Proc. jugalis 59 11

Proc. nasalis

Proc. maxillopalatinus [P. palatinus]58

Proc. premaxillaris

Canalis neurovascularis57

Canaliculi neurovasculares

Foramina neurovascularia57

Foveae corpusculorum nervosorum41

Os palatinum [Os pterygopalatinum]60

Pars choanalis 60

Angulus caudomedialis64

Crista dorsolateralis62

Crista medialis62

Crista ventralis64

Facies articularis parasphenoidalis 62

Facies articularis vomeralis

Fossa choanalis60

Lamella choanalis64

Lamella dorsalis62

Proc. caudomedialis64

Proc. rostralis63

Pars lateralis [Lamella caudolateralis] 60

Angulus caudolateralis 66

Crista lateralis 65

Facies articularis pterygoidea

Fossa ventralis67

Proc. maxillaris60

Proc. pterygoideus60 61

Vomer 68 69

Corpus vomeris

Facies articularis palatina68 69

Facies articularis parasphenoidalis69

Facies articularis pterygoidea68 69

Facies articularis maxillaris68 69

Facies articularis premaxillaris68 69

Proc. pterygoideus

Os pterygoideum61 (Figs. 4.2, 4)

Facies articularis basipterygoidea93

Facies articularis quadratica

Pes pterygoidei69

Facies articularis palatina69

Facies articularis parasphenoidalis69

Pars palatina61

Proc. dorsalis70

Proc. quadraticus

Os jugale

Tuberculum lacrimale [T. prefrontale] (Arthr. Annot. 19)

Os quadratojugale 11

Condylus quadraticus73

OSSA MAXILLAE ET PALATI (Figs. 4.4, 7)

Os quadratum [Quadratum]71

Corpus ossis quadrati

Facies tympanica

Crista tympanica 19

Foramen pneumaticum

Sulcus pneumaticus

Proc. mandibularis72

Condylus caudalis 72

Condylus lateralis

Cotyla quadratojugalis 73

Condylus rostralis72

Condylus medialis

Condylus pterygoideus

Sulcus intercondylaris

Proc. orbitalis

Proc. oticus71 24

Capitulum [Condylus] oticum24

Capitulum [Condylus] squamosum71

Crista tympanica l9

Incisura intercapitularis 71

Sulcus pneumaticus

OSSA MANDIBULAE (see also Mand.)

Os dentale52

Pars dorsalis

Pars ventralis

Pars symphysialis

Os angulare49b

Proc. retroarticularis

Os articulare49c

Foramen pneumaticum articulare49

Proc. medialis mandibulae49d 84 96

Os coronoideum52

Os prearticulare 52

Os spieniale 52

Os supra-angulare 52

Proc. lateralis mandibulae 49d 84 99

OSSA ACCESSORIA CRANII75

Anulus [Annulus] tympanicus77

Os nuchale76

Ossa sclerae (Seo5. Annot. 8)

Os siphonium [Siphonium]49c

Os suprajugale

Ossa supraorbitalia 74

Os lacrimopalatinum

Ossa suturarum78

Os uncinatum 78

LARYNX Skeleton laryngis (Resp. Larynx)

SYRINX Skeleton syringis (Resp. Syrinx)

APPARATUS HYOBRANCHIALIS [A. HYOLINGUALiS] 79

Paraglossum 80

Cornua

Basihyale [Basibranchiale rostrale] 81

Crista dorsalis

Proc. parahyalis 81

Arcus parahyalis 81

Urohyale [Basibranchiale caudale] 81

Cornu branchiale

Ceratobranchiale

Epibranchiale

Pharyngobranchiale

COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS 112 113 129 139 141

PARTES VERTEBRAE 113 (Figs. 4.8, 9)

Corpus vertebrael13

Facies articularis caudalis

Facies articularis cranialis

Facies lateralis corporis

Concavitas lateralis

Sulcus lateralis llS

Eminentia costolateralis 116

Fovea costalis 117

Proc. costalis liS

Tuberositas lig. collateralis (Arthr. Annot. 60)

Foramina pneumatica

Facies ventralis corporis

Proc. postlateralis l21

Proc. caroticus 121

Sulcus caroticus 121

Crista [Proc.] ventralis corporis119

Alae cristae ventralis120

Crista ventrolateralis 122

Fovea cranioventralis114

Facies dorsalis corporis113

Arcus vertebrae [A. neuralis] 127a

Lamina lateralis arcus [Pediculus arcus] 127a

Incisura cranialis arcus l2Sa

Incisura caudalis arcus 128a

Lamina dorsalis arcus l27a

Area lig. elastici 126

Proc. spinosus [arcus]

Proc. transversus vertebrae123 127a

Facies dorsalis

Facies ventralis

Fovea costalis 117

Zygapophysis [Proc. articularis] caudalis132

Crista transverso-obliqua 124

Facies articularis

Torus dorsalis125

Zygapophysis [Proc. articularis] cranialis 132

Facies articularis

Ansa costotransversaria 135

Foramen transversarium134a 13S

Thberculum ansae135

Cristae laterales ansae135

Proc. costalis

Lamina arcocostalis 127b 134a

Foramen laterale arcus

Lamina corporocostalis 127c

Foramen vertebrale l13

Canalis vertebralis 113

Canalis caroticus cervicalis121

Hiatus interarcualis l28b

Lacuna interzygapophysialis l28c

Foramen intervertebrale 128a

Foramen transversarium l34a

Canalis vertebrarterialis 134b

VERTEBRAE CERVICALES SPECIALES129 (see above for parts of a generalized free vertebra)

Atlas 130 (Fig. 4.8)

Corpus atlantis

Facies articularis axialis

Fossa condyloidea131

Facies articularis dentalis

Foramen fossae 130

Incisura fossae 130

Tuberositas lig. transversi

Proc. ventralis corporis

Arcus atlantis

Ansa costotransversaria 135

Foramen transversarium 134a

Incisura caudalis arcus 136a

Zygapophysis [Proc. articularis] caudalis 132

Facies articularis

Proc. spinosus [P. dorsalis]

Axis 130 (Fig. 4.8)

Corpus axis

Dens 136b

Fovea aspera

Facies articularis atlantica

Fovea lig. collateralis atlantoaxialis (Arthr.)

Proc. ventralis corporis 119

Arcus axis

Lamina dorsalis arcus

Ansa costotransversaria 135

Foramen transversarium l34 138

Proc. costalis axis 138

Proc. spinosus [Po dorsalis]137

Lacuna .interzygapophysialis 128c

Lamina lateralis arcus127a

Incisura caudalis arcusl28a

Incisura cranialis arcus128a

Zygapophysis [Proc. articularis] caudalis132

Facies articularis

Zygapophysis [Proc. articularis] cranialis 132

Facies articularis

VERTEBRAE THORACICAE, [LUMBICALES), ET SACRALES 139 141b

(see above for parts of a typical free vertebra)

NOTARIUM [Os dorsale]140a (Fig. 4.9)

Canalis notarii [C. vertebralisJl40b

Crista spinosa [dorsalis] notarii 140b

Lamina transversa notarii 14lc

Fenestrae intertrans versariae 141 c

Corpus notarii 142a

Crista ventralis notarii 119

Fenestrae intercristales 119

Foramina intervertebralia 128 143

Eminentia costolateralis 116

VERTEBRAE SYNSACRALES 141a (Fig. 4.9)

SYNSACRUM 141a (see Os coxae)

Canalis synsacri [C. vertebralis]143b

Extremitas cranialis synsacri

Facies dorsalis synsacri

Crista spinosa [C. dorsalis] synsacri 142c

Lamina transversa synsacri 141c

Margo lateralis laminae transversaeHlc

Fenestrae intertransversariae141c

Facies lateralis synsacri

Foramina intervertebralia143a 128a

Eminentia costolateralis 116

Facies visceralis synsacri 142b

Corpus synsacri 142a

Crista ventralis synsacri 119

Sulcus ventralis corporis

Vertebra acetabularis141b

Proc. costalis

Proc. transversus

Fossae renales (see Pelvis)

Extremitas caudalis synsacri

VERTEBRAE CAUDALES (Figs. 4.9, 15) (see above for parts of a typical vertebra)

Vertebrae caudales stabiles141a

Vertebrae caudales liberael44

Proc. haemalisl44

Pygostylus [Coccyx]145

Apex pygostyli

Basis pygostyli 146

Corpus pygostyli

Crista ventralis

Facies articularis cranialis

Proc. haemalis l44

Canalis vascularis

Lamina pygostyli146

Proc. transversus 146

Canalis pygostyli [C. vertebralis]

Margo cranialis

Margo caudalis

Discus pygostyli 146

CAVUM THORACIS [CAVITAS THORACICA)

Apertura thoracica caudalis

Apertura thoracica cranialis

Facies visceralis stemi (see Sternum)

Spatium intercostale (Resp. Annot. 49)

Sulcus pulmonalis 148

COSTAE 147 (see Cav. thor.)

Costa vertebralis

Extremitas dorsalis costae

Capitulum costae116

Collum costae

Tuberculum costae117

Incisura capitulotubercularis 148

Angulus costae

Corpus costae 

Facies medialis [F. pulmonalis]

Facies lateralis

Margo caudalis

Margo cranialis

Proc. uncinatus 148 (Fig. 4.9)

Extremitas ventralis costae

Facies articularis intercostalis (Arthr. Annot. 81)

Costa sternalis

Extremitas dorsalis costae

Facies articularis intercostalis (Arthr. Annot. 81)

Extremitas ventralis costae

Facies articularis sternalis l57

SKELETON APPENDICULARE

OSSA CINGULI MEMBRI THORACICI

STERNUM 149 (Fig. 4.11)

Corpus sterni 149

Facies muscularis sterni 152

Linea interrnuscularis 153

Planum postcarinale 154

Facies visceralis sterni 152

Pars cardiaca

Pars hepatica

Foramen pneumaticum

Pori pneumatici

Sulcus medianus sterni

Margo costalis Dateralis] sterni 157

Incisurae costales 157

Loculus costalis 157

Pila costalis 155

Proc. articularis sternocostalisl57

Facies articularis costalis 157

Margo cranialis sterni

Pila coracoideal58

Sulcus articularis coracoideusl56 175a

Labrum externum

Tuberculum labri externi (Arthr. 89, 90)

Labrum internum

Proc. craniolateralis sterni l50

Impressio m. sternocoracoidei

Rostrum sterni 159 (Arthr. Annot. 86)

Foramen rostri 160

Spina externa rostri 159

Alae spinae sternae

Spina interna rostri 159

Spina communisl59

Septum interarticulare159

Spatium intercoracoidalel60

Margo caudalis sterni157

Fenestra lateralis151

Fenestra medialis151

Incisura lateralis151

Incisura medialis 151

Trabecula interrnedia 151

Trabecula lateralis 151

Trabecula mediana151

Proc. caudolateralis sterni 150

Carina sterni161 (Fig. 4.11)

Apex carinae

Facies articularis furculae

Tuberositas lig. sternoclavicularis (Arthr. Annot. 85)

Facies lateralis carinae

Linea interrnuscularis153

Margo cranialis carinae

Crista lateralis carinae 161

Crista mediana carinae

Pila carinae 161

Sulcus carinae l61

Margo ventralis carinae

CLAVICULA [FURCULA]162 (Fig. 4.10)

Extremitas omalis claviculae [Epicleideum]164

Proc. acrocoracoideus claviculael65

Facies articularis acrocoracoidea

Proc. acromialis claviculae165

Facies articularis acromialis

Extremitas sternalis claviculae

Apophysis furculae [Hypocleideum] 163

Scapus [Corpus] claviculae

Proc. interclavicularis163

SCAPULA 166 (Fig. 4.10)

Extremitas cranialis [Caput] scapulae

Acromion l66

Crista lig. acrocoracoacromiali l66

Facies articularis clavicularis

Sulcus supracoracoideus l72

Proc. glenoidalis scapulae l67b

Facies articularis humeralis l67a

Labrum glenoidale

Facies articularis coracoideal68 173a

Tuberculum coracoideum 168 173a

Collum scapulae l70

Corpus scapulae 170

Facies medialis [F. costalis ]166

Facies lateralisl66

Margo dorsalis [M. vertebralis]

Margo ventralis

Tuberculum m. scapulotricipitis l69

Extremitas caudalis [Spina] scapulae

CORACOIDEUM [OS CORACOIDEUM] (Fig. 4.10)

Extremitas omalis coracoideil71a

Proc. acrocoracoideusl71a

Facies articularis clavicularis

Impressio lig. acrocoracohumeralis

Tuberculum brachiale l71b

Proc. glenoidalis coracoidei l67b

Facies articularis humeralis l67a

Labrum glenoidale

Facies articularis scapularis 173a

Cotyla scapularis l73b

Proc. procoracoideus 172

Facies articularis scapularis 173a

Sulcus supracoracoideus 172 177

Corpus coracoidei

Facies dorsalis

Cotyla scapularisl73b

Facies ventralis

Margo lateralis

Margo medialis

Foramen [Incisura] n. supracoracoidei

Linea interrnuscularis ventralis 174

Extremitas sternalis coracoidei

Crista articularis sternalis 175a

Facies externa

Crista intermedia

Facies interna

Facies articularis intercoracoidea 175b

Angulus medialis

Proc. lateralis 176

Angulus lateralis

Margo supra-angularis l76

Impressio m. sternocoracoidei

Canalis triosseus l77

Cavitas glenoidalis 167

OSSA ALAE [MEMBRI THORACICI]178

SKELETON BRACHII

HUMERUS 178 (Fig. 4.12)

Extremitas proximalis humeri

Caput humeri 178 179

Incisura capitis humeri180

Crista incisurae capitis

Thberculum dorsale 182

Crista deltopectoralis l84

Angulus cristae

Impressio m. pectoralis

Crista m. supracoracoidei 183

Tuberculum ventrale l87

Crista bicipitalis 184

Fossa pneumotricipitalis [F. tricipitalis ]188

Foramen pneumatic urn 189

Crus dorsale fossae 188

Crus ventrale fossae 188

Margo caudalis 188

Planum intertuberculare 181

Sulcus [Canalis] n. coracobrachialis 181

Intumescentia humeri 190

Sulcus transversus 185

Impressio coracobrachialis l86

Corpus humeri

Facies caudalis 178

Margo caudalis 188

Facies cranialis 178

Margo caudalis 188

Margo dorsalis

Margo ventralis

Linea m. latissimi dorsi

Sulcus n. radialis l91

Extremitas distalis humeri

Condylus dorsalis humeri192

Condylus ventralis humeri 192

Incisura intercondylaris l93

Fossa m. brachialis

Epicondylus dorsalis [Ectepicondylus] 194 178

Epicondylus ventralis [Entepicondylus] 194 178

Proc. flexorius 195

Thberculum supracondylare dorsale196

Proc. supracondylaris dorsalis 196

Tuberculum supracondylare ventrale 196

Fossa olecrani

Sulcus scapuiotricipitalis2OO

Sulcus humerotricipitalis2OO

Os sesamoideum m. scapuiotricipitis 202

SKELETON ANTEBRACHII (Fig. 4.13)

ULNA 198 (Fig. 4.13)

Extremitas proximalis ulnae

Proc. cotylaris dorsalis 197

Cotyla dorsalis 198

Cotyla ventralis 198

Crista intercotylaris

Impressio m. brachialis

Impressio m. scapulotricipitis

Incisura radialis 199

0iecranon201

Sulcus tendinosus203

Tuberculum bicipitale ulnae 210

Tuberculum lig. collateralis ventralis 203

Corpus ulnae

Facies caudodorsalis204

Facies caudoventralis204

Facies cranialis204

Lineae intermusculares

Margo caudalis

Margo dorsalis

Margo interosseus [M. cranialis]

Papillae remigales caudales 205

Papillae remigales ventrales 205

Extremitas distalis ulnae

Trochlea carpalis206

Condylus dorsalis ulnae206

Labrum condyli dorsalis

Condylus ventralis ulnae206

Sulcus intercondyiaris206

Tuberculum carpale207

Incisura tuberculi carpalis207

Depressio radialis208

Incisura tendinosa209

RADIUS (Fig. 4.13)

Extrernitas proximalis radii

Caput radii

Cotyla humeralis

Facies articularis ulnaris

Tuberculum bicipitale radii 210

Corpus radii

Lineae intermusculares

Margo dorsalis

Margo interosseus [caudalis]

Margo ventralis

Extremitas distalis radii

Facies articularis radiocarpalis211

Facies articularis ulnaris211

Depressio ligamentosa212

Sulcus tendinosus211

Tuberculum aponeurosis ventralis213

SKELETON MANUS

OSSA CARPI 214 (Fig. 4.14)

(Ossa carpi proximalia)214

(Ossa carpi centralia)214

(Ossa carpi distalia)214

Os carpi radiale215

Facies articularis metacarpalis215

Facies articularis radialis

Facies articularis ulnaris

Os carpi ulnare 215

Corpus

Crus longum215

Crus breve215

Incisura metacarpalis215

Proc. muscularis215

Facies articularis ulnaris

Facies articularis metacarpalis215

Os prominens216

CARPOMETACARPUS (Fig. 4.14) (Osteo. Intra.; Arthr. Annat. 128)

Extremitas proximalis carpometacarpi

Os metacarpale alulare216

Proc. alularis

Facies articularis alularis

Proc. extensorius

Trochlea carpalis215

Facies articularis radiocarpalis

Facies articularis ulnocarpalis

Fossa infratrochlearis218

Fossa supratrochlearis219

Fovea carpalis caudalis217

Fovea carpalis cranialis217

Proc. pisiformis220

Corpus carpometacarpi

Facies dorsalis

Facies ventralis

Margo caudal is

Margo cranialis

Os metacarpale majus

Sulcus tendinosus

Proc. intermetacarpalis221

Protuberantia metacarpali 221

Os metacarpale minus

Spatium intermetacarpale

Extremitas distalis carpometacarpi

Symphysis metacarpalis distalis222

Sulcus interosseus223

Facies articularis digitalis major

Facies articularis digitalis minor

OSSA DIGITORUM MANUS 224 (Osteo. Intra.)

Phalanx digiti alulae

Phalanx proximalis digiti majoris

Facies articularis metacarpalis

Facies articularis phalangealis

Fossa dorsalis

Fossa ventralis

Pila cranialis phalangis225

Phalanx distalis digiti majoris

Facies articularis metacarpalis

Phalanx digiti minoris

OSSA CINGULI MEMBRI PELVICI

PELVIS ET OS COXAE 226 (Figs. 4.9, 15) (For synsacrum see Columna vertebrale; see below for elements of Os coxae).

Acetabulum226

Foramen acetabuli226

Antitrochanter232

Canalis [Sulcus 1 iliosynsacralis234

Crista iliosynsacralis233

Concavitas infracristalis235

Fenestra ischiopubica229 227

Foramen ilioischiadicum230

Foramen obturatum227 252

Fossa renalis237 250

Pars ischiadica fossae237

Pars pudenda fossae237

Recessus caudalis fossae250

Incisura caudalis pel vis238

Incisura marginis caudalis231

Proc. marginis caudalis231

OS COXAE 226 (Figs. 4.9, 15)

ILIUM (Figs. 4.9, 15)

Ala [Pars] preacetabularis ilii245

Facies dorsalis

Fossa iliaca dorsalis

Crista iliaca dorsalis245

Crista iliaca lateralis247

Facies ventralis

Areae articulares vertebrales246

Margo cranialis

Margo lateralis

Margo medialis [M. vertebralis]

Ala [Pars] postacetabularis ilii 245

Facies dorsalis

Fossa iliocaudalis249

Crista dorsolateralis ilii248

Spina dorsolateralis ilii248

Facies lateralis235

Crista dorsolateralis ilii248

Lamina infracristalis ilii251 235

Concavitas infracristalis235

Margo foraminis ilioischiadici

Facies ventralis

Facies renalis ilii

Crista caudalis fossae renalis

Margo caudalis238

Margo lateralis247

Pila postrenalis241

Recessus caudalis fossae250

Spina dorsolateralis ilii248

Corpus ilii239

Crista iliaca obliqua242

Pila ilioischiadica236

Crista iliaca intermedia243

Facies renalis ilii

Incisura acetabularis240

Antitrochanter232

Facies articularis femoralis

Sulcus antitrochantericus232

Tuberculum preacetabulare [Proc.pectinealis ]244

ISCHIUM (Figs. 4.9, 15)

Corpus ischii

Incisura acetabuiaris240

Margo [Incisura] foraminis ilioischiadici

Incisura foraminis obturatorii

Margo ventralis [M. pubica]

Pila ilioischiadica236

Proc. antitrochantericus232

Facies articularis femoralis

Proc. obturatorius252

Ala ischii

Facies lateralis

Facies medialis (Arthr. Annot. 150)

Margo ventralis [M. pubica]

Proc. tenninalis ischjj253

Sulcus obturatorius228

PUBIS 254 (see Os coxae)

Corpus pubis

Incisura acetabularis

Tuberculum preacetabulare [Proc. pectinealis ]244

Scapus pubis 5 254

Apex pubis (Arthr. Annot. 149)

OSSA MEMBRI PELVICI

FEMUR [OS FEMORIS] (Fig. 4.16)

Extremitas proximalis femoris

Caput femoris

Facies articularis acetabularis

Fovea lig. capitis

Collum femoris

Facies articularis antitrochanterica255

Trochanter femoris256

Crista trochanteris

Fossa trochanteris

Impressiones musculares trochanteris257

Impressiones ligamentosae trochanteris257

Corpus femoris258

Facies caudalis

Linea intermuscularis

Facies cranialis

Linea intermuscularis

Facies lateralis

Facies medialis

Extremitas distalis femoris

Condylus lateralis 259 261

Fovea tendinis m. tibialis cranialis

Impressio lig. cruciati caudalis263

Impressio lig. cruciati  cranialis263

Trochlea fibularis261

Crista tibiofibularis262

Crista supracondylaris lateralis

Tuberculum m. gastrocnemialis lateralis

Condylus medialis259 264

Crista supracondylaris medialis264

Tuberculum m. gastrocnemialis medialis

Epicondylus lateralis

Impressio lig. collateralis lateralis

Epicondylus medialis

Impressio lig. collateralis medialis

Fossa poplitea

Impressiones ansae m. iliofibularis260

Sulcus intercondylaris

Impressio lig. cruciati cranialis

Sulcus patellaris259 '

Facies articularis patellaris

Crista lateralis sulci patellaris259

Crista medialis sulci patellaris259

Patella 265

Facies articularis femoralis

Facies cranialis

Sulcus [Canalis] m. ambientis 265

TIBIOTARSUS (Fig. 4.17) (Arthr. Annot. 167)

Extremitas proximalis tibiotarsi

Caput tibiae266

Area interarticularis

Crista cnemialis cranialis269 270

Crista cnemialis lateralis

Crista patellaris269

Facies articularis lateralis266

Facies articularis medialis266

Facies articularis fibularis267

Facies gastrocnemialis271

Fossa flexoria274

Fossa retropatellaris268

Impressio lig. collateralis medialis

Incisura tibialis 273

Sulcus intercnemialis 272

Corpus tibiotarsi 275

Crista fibularis (Arthr.  Annot. 162)

Facies caudalis

Facies cranialis

Facies medialis

Linea extensoria276

Lineae m .. fibularis [peronei]

Margo lateralis [M. fibularis]

Margo medialis

Tuberositas poplitea274

Extremitas distalis tibiotarsi

Condylus lateralis280

Condylus medialis280

Epicondylus lateralis

Depressio epicondylaris lateralis281

Epicondylus medialis

Depressio epicondylaris medialis281

Incisura intercondylaris

Area intercondylaris (Arthr. Annot. 171)

Impressio lig. intercondylaris

Sulcus m. fibularis [peronei] 282

Trochlea cartilaginis tibialis 279

Cristae trochleae 279

Tuberculum retinaculi m. fibularis [peronei]282

Sulcus extensorius

Tuhberositas retinaculi extensori 278 (Arthr. Annot. 187)

Pons supratendineus277

Canalis extensorius278

FIBULA (Fig. 4.17)

Caput fibulae 261

Facies articularis femoralis

Facies articularis tibialis267

Fovea m. poplitei

Tuberositas lig. collateralis lateralis

Corpus fibulae

Crista articularis tibialis (Arthr. Annot. 161, 162)

Tuberculum m. iliofibularis

Spina fibulae

Os sesamoideum intertarsale (Arthr. Annot. 164)

OSSA PEDIS

OSSA TARSI 283

Ossa proximalia tarsi

Tibiale [Astragalus] 283

Fibulare [Calcaneum] 283

Os tarsi distale 283

OSSA METATARSALIA (Fig. 4.18) (Arthr. Annot. 173, 174)

Os metatarsale I [primum] [hallucis] (Arthr. Fig. 5.9)

Proc. articularis tarsometatarsalis

Trochlea metatarsi I [primi] [hallucis]

Tuberculum laterale

Tuberculum mediale

Os metatarsale II [secundum]

Os metatarsale IIl [tertium]

Os metatarsale IV [quartum]

TARSOMETATARSUS284 (Fig. 4.18) Arthr. Annot. 173, 174)

Extremitas proximal is tarsometatarsi

Area intercotylaris285

Fovea menisci lateralis

Sulcus ligamentosus286

Cotyla lateralis

Cotyla medialis

Eminentia intercotylaris (Arthr. Annot. 171)

Impressio lig. collateralis lateralis

Irnpressiones retinaculi extensorii

Sulcus m. fibularis [peronei] longus

Tuberculum m. fibularis [peronei] brevis

Hypotarsus288 (Fig. 4.18)

Canales hypotarsi288

Crista lateralis hypotarsi289

Crista intermedia hypotarsi289

Crista medialis hypotarsi289

Fossa parahypotarsalis lateralis

Fossa parahypotarsalis medialis

Sulci hypotarsi288

Corpus tarsometatarsi

Facies dorsalis292

Facies plantaris292

Crista medianoplantaris290

Facies subcutanea lateralis293

Facies subcutanea medialis293

Fossa metatarsi I [hallucis] (Arthr. Annot. 174, 175, 180)

Proc. calcaris296

Fossa infracoty laris dorsalis291

Foramen vasculare proximale (Art. Annot. 79)

Tuberositas m. tibialis cranialis291

Sulcus extensorius295

Arcus extensorius287

Irnpressiones retinaculi extensorii

Tuberositas m. tibialis cranialis

Sulcus flexorius294

Crista plantaris lateralis294

Crista plantaris medialis294

Extremitas distalis tarsometatarsi

Canalis interosseus distalis298

Foramen vasculare distale298

Fossa supratrochlearis plantaris

Incisura intertrochlearis lateralis

Incisura intertrochlearis medialis

Trochlea metatarsi II (secundi]

Foveae ligg. collateralium

Trochlea metatarsi III [tertii]

Foveae ligg. collateralium

Trochlea metatarsi IV [quarti]

Foveae ligg. collateralium

Trochlea accessoria297

Os cuneatum (Arthr. Annot. 182)

OSSA DIGITORUM PEDIS 299

Phalanges proximales et intermediae

Basis phalangis

Cotyla articularis

Corpus phalangis

Facies dorsalis

Facies plantaris

Capitulum phalangis

Trochlea articularis

Fovea lig. collateralis

Phalanx ungualis [terminalis]300

Basis phalangis

Cotyla articularis

Tuberculum extensorium (Arthr. Annot. 183)

Tuberculum flexorium (Arthr. Annot. 182)

Corpus phalangis

Sulcus neurovascuiaris3OO

Apex phalangis