Poster Session 1
10:30 am – 12:00 pm | Ballrooms
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Alternative Spring Break: Atlanta Georgia
HIEE: Community Engagement
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Teen Health
HIEE: Community Engagement
Teen Health
Purpose and implementation The project I will be working on is a website for Weber Morgan Health Department to publish in giving information for teen health subjects. This project is a community partner project. I will research all the different elements of health, create a website, edit photos and videos to add to the website, as well as have a blog section on the site. The deliverables of this project is mainly the website but within that, it shows research skills, presentation skills, photo editing, as well as writing. Community outcomes A safe place for teenagers and parents to get information about health and ask questions. Outcomes for student This project was selected because demonstrates communication skill and is a project my internship organization and I decided would be a good deliverable of skills I can accomplish. Skills including knowledge, digital literacy, critical thinking, problem solving, and self-management.
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Preventing Adherence of Candida spp. with Pre-Therapeutic Drug - Filastatin
HIEE: Research
Preventing Adherence of Candida spp. with Pre-Therapeutic Drug - Filastatin
Candida yeasts are the most common human fungal pathogens. These primarily opportunistic pathogens can infect a variety of tissues and cause a variety of infections. Candia yeasts are a common cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in immunocompromised individuals. Candida yeasts usually form biofilms upon adhesion, which then increase its pathogenicity due to its lack of response to conventional treatment. Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen with nearly a 57% mortality rate. Filastatin is a drug not yet approved for human use but has been found to uniquely inhibit adhesion of C. albicans to the surface of several biomaterials and human cells. This study will assess if Filastatin is also able to inhibit the adhesion of three other pathogenic Candida species, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. auris. 96 well polystyrene microtiter plates will be used to assess the inhibition of fungal adhesion using various concentrations of Filastatin. After incubation, cells grown in the wells will be stained with either crystal violet, (or alamar blue to test for viability as well). Upon washing the plate with ice water several times to clear out stained cells that didn't adhere to the surface, methanol will be added to each well and allowed to sit for 45 minutes. The solution of methanol and stained cells will then be read by a spectrophotometer at 590 nm for the varying absorbances and will be compared to our control of both saline and Candida albicans. This will be beneficial to the future of healthcare as it will allow the number of infections with Candida species to be decreased. Future medical devices coated in Filastatin would be more resistant to Candida biofilm formation limiting the number of infections and mortality.
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Antibiotic Resistant Yersinia
HIEE: Research
Antibiotic Resistant Yersinia
Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern and an increasing threat to modern medicine within both the clinical and laboratory settings. Due to the overuse of antibiotics in industrial, agricultural, and medical settings, resistant genes are becoming more prevalent in various unique places. The resistant genes manifest themselves with an alarming ability to genetically diversify a community, and even an entire ecosystem. By evaluating the prevalence of these genetic markers in ecological settings, a more clear evaluation of risk assessment can take place. We isolated bacteria resistant to the protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotic tetracycline from the Great Salt Lake. DNA samples from isolates grown in presences of tetracycline were sequenced and identified using 16s rRNA sequencing methods and technology. The sequenced antibiotic resistant microbial species have been identified as Psychrobacter faecalis, Serratia proteomaculans, and a presently unidentified species of the Yersiniaceae family. Further genetic and biochemical analysis on the Yersiniaceae sample will hope to identify biochemical markers unique to the cultured colony that allows for identification of specific species. After identification, more analyses will look for pathogenic traits (antibiotic resistant, toxin secretion, virulence factors) that can have adverse effects on the environment within the geographic location that the sample was cultivated from. The presence of protein synthesis inhibitor, antibiotic resistant genes within the Great Salt Lake region bring to light an increasingly expansive genetic concern that this study aims to highlight.
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Assessing physical activity patterns and campus awareness of the WSU Wildcat Trail System
HIEE: Research
Assessing physical activity patterns and campus awareness of the WSU Wildcat Trail System
Weber State has two trail systems above campus, the Discovery Loop Trail, and the Fitness Trail. Though these recreational resources are free and available to use, it is unclear how many individuals know about and utilize these trail systems. To explore the awareness and usage of these trails amongst Weber State students, staff, and faculty, an online survey was distributed amongst campus. Methods: The survey was digitally distributed via convenience sampling and asked participants about their frequency on campus, physical activity patterns, and trail awareness and use. Descriptive statistics and t-tests were analyzed using SPSS. Results: 50% of the participants (N = 122) were not aware of the trails. Of those aware, 25% use the trails at least 1-2 days/month during hiking season. There were no statistically significant differences in physical activity patterns between those who were aware of the trails and those who were not (t = 1.156, p = 0.250). Additionally, common recommendations for increasing awareness included more marketing, advertising, and publicity. Conclusion: There is a need for more strategies to increase trail system awareness, especially among those on campus. These statistics and specific feedback will be presented to the WSU Trail System Committee later this semester.
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Daily caloric intake between esports and recreational gamers: a pilot study
HIEE: Research
Daily caloric intake between esports and recreational gamers: a pilot study
Gamers are a relatively unstudied population. Recently, research has suggested that esports gamers are more health-conscious than non-competitive gamers. Dietary patterns amongst different gamer groups are largely unexplored. Specifically, is there a difference between eating habits of esports gamers and recreational gamers? PURPOSE: To investigate average daily caloric intake between two gamer identities: esports gamers and recreational gamers. This analysis is part of an ongoing study. METHODS: University students (N =20, 21.0±2.7 years old) from two different groups, esports gamers (n=10) and recreational gamers (n =10), participated in this observational study. There was no significant difference in mean gaming hours per week (esports gamers=24.8±9.8; recreational gamers=20.0±10.4; p=0.297) between groups. Participants completed surveys and were given a fitness watch to wear for seven continuous days. During this period physical activity and diet were monitored. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare esports gamers versus recreational gamers for average daily calorie intake during this one-week period. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in calorie intake between groups (esports gamers =2192.8±564.2 kcal; recreational gamers=2133.6±624.4 kcal; p=0.826). CONCLUSION: In this preliminary sample, there was no significant difference in daily calorie intake amongst the gamer groups. Ongoing data collection will add to this analysis.
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Viability of Trypanosoma cruzi in RBCs at cold storage temperatures
HIEE: Research
Viability of Trypanosoma cruzi in RBCs at cold storage temperatures
American trypanosomiasis, or Chagas disease, is caused by the intracellular protozoa Trypanosma cruzi. Chagas disease affects approximately 10 million people in Latin America, manifesting in splenomegaly, cardiomyopathies, and gastrointestinal disease. T. cruzi is most commonly spread through the infected feces of the ‘kissing' bug, feeding on mammalian blood. Blood transfusion is the second most frequent mode of transmission. The goal of this research will be to study the viability of T. cruzi in packed red cell aliquots stored at 4° C and -80° C to study parasitemia and viability. If successful, the aliquots will show reduced viability of infectious T. cruzi; creating a simple adjustment to current prevention methodologies to improve transfusion safety. Screening of blood donors using a questionnaire has reduced the incidence of transfusion-transmitted trypanosomiasis in non-endemic areas. Although the questionnaire has been relatively effective, it fails to screen asymptomatic carriers. To mimic organ-donor tissue, cell cultures stored in low temperatures have shown a reduction of the viability of trypanosomes. Past research has explored the impact of cold storage on the viability of Babesia in blood bags. Minimal research has been conducted on the viability of T. cruzi in blood stored at cold temperatures.
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Observational analysis of cestode manipulated Artemia franciscana
HIEE: Research
Observational analysis of cestode manipulated Artemia franciscana
The brine shrimp Artemia franciscana Kellogg is an intermediate host to five helminth species in the Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah. Studies of infected Mediterranean shrimp have found physiological and behavioral changes that facilitate parasite transfer to the definitive waterbird hosts. These include increases in pigment that intensify red coloration from their transparent appearance, as well as altered swimming behavior. Here we compared the behavior of infected and uninfected GSL brine shrimp. We examined the prevalence of the five helminth species, which ranged from 1% to 82%. Infected individuals were observed to be surface-dwelling swimmers and favored illuminated environments, while non-infected preferred deep-water swimming and selected dark backgrounds (P < 0.01). This change is consistent with parasites adaptively manipulating the brine shrimp hosts, to increase their probability of transmission and effectively continuing their life cycle. Our results suggest that host manipulation by parasites occurs in the GSL, making brine shrimp more susceptible to their avian predators.
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Women, Weight, and the Workplace
HIEE: Honors & Research
Women, Weight, and the Workplace
Extensive effort has gone into researching the gender pay gap and what forces could be responsible for this societal disadvantage. Meanwhile, studies have shown an overall negative relationship between income and resulting weight, concluding that obesity rates are higher at lower levels of income. However, not much research has been conducted to analyze that the causality runs in the reverse direction: perhaps weight bias at the workplace causes lower incomes among heavier people. Using the most recent quantitative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, this research uses an interval regression model of income on weight with additional control variables to examine the effect of weight bias on income for men and women, finding that for women, weight decreases annual household income.
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Ogden Valley Water Quality
HIEE: Research
Ogden Valley Water Quality
Water is crucial for all life on Earth. It is especially crucial in an arid, dry climate such as Utah. Utah is the second driest state in the United States (Utah Hazards Mitigation, 2022) and it is important to monitor not only the quantity but quality of our water sources. The goal of this study was to assess the surface water quality of Ogden Valley and if any significant changes had occurred in the last decade. We sampled water going into Pineview Reservoir from the Middle Fork and South Fork Rivers, Pineview itself, and the output from Pineview Reservoir, Ogden River. We used an In-Situ probe to measure conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen in the field and collected water samples which we analyzed on an ICP-MS. We found elevated amounts of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in Ogden River, sometimes 2 to 3 times greater in concentration than in the other water sources. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are all elements commonly found in deicing salts. We hypothesize that deicing salts from the large road next to Ogden River are contaminating the water. Further research could help to better understand the impacts of deicing materials in this region.
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Quantitative Analysis of Mitragynine in Commercial Kratom Products
HIEE: Research
Quantitative Analysis of Mitragynine in Commercial Kratom Products
Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom, is an indigenous tree in Thailand, Myanmar, and Malaysia, with a rich folklore describing various biological activities including analgesic effects. Clinical studies suggest that Kratom tea has potential to be an effective alternative to opioids for pain relief. The active ingredients are believed to be a variety of alkaloids, with the most important ones being mitragynine (MIT), and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH-MIT). However, kratom products are sold under a variety of trade names with no data regarding the chemical composition of plant material being consumed. We utilized high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure MIT and 7OH-MIT in a number of commercially available products. Our test results show significant differences between the MIT concentration label claims and the actual MIT contents in some of these products.
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New York City Alternative Spring Break
HIEE: Community Engagement
New York City Alternative Spring Break
My name is Sierra Handley. I went on the New York City Alternative Spring Break, where I learned about the importance of fighting homelessness and poverty, and the extraneous circumstances that factor into someone living in poverty. I loved talking to the community members and listening to their stories about their various nonprofit groups. It was very humbling to see the mountains of work every team member put into ensuring every homeless person had a meal. It is such a generous and yet necessary aspiration to have, to ensure everyone is guaranteed an equal footing. I liked the feeling of giving back to such a large and historically impactful city like New York City. I loved interacting with my group during this project, because although we were social, I enjoyed our academic discussions about homelessness and the privileges that make someone more financially comfortable compared to living in poverty. I really enjoyed gaining so much knowledge into immigrant culture at the museums and learning how much immigrants have helped shape the country. Everyone in the group had such a diverse range of experiences that they utilized on this trip. I think one thing that could have gone better would be to ensure mutual respect between all the group members on the trip. I had a man harass me and follow me on the streets walking back with my group, and nobody in my group stuck up for me or tried to de-escalate the situation. It was hard to regain that trust in the group, because several of the group members just laughed while it happened. I think more knowledge about what can happen in the big city is important to go over, and also making sure everyone in the group is looking out for each other as peers is a good thing to guarantee.
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Sweeney Todd: An Application to the National Stage Management Fellowship
HIEE: Research
Sweeney Todd: An Application to the National Stage Management Fellowship
The Kennedy Center American College Theatre Festival Region 8 conference is being held in Las Vegas, Nevada in February of 2023. Theatre students, faculty, and professionals from the Southwest United States are gathering to present the work that they have accomplished in their home universities. This opportunity is for theatre practitioners to gather together to discuss their crafts. I am presenting my work as a stage manager on Weber State's production of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street from the Fall of 2022. This opportunity will provide additional knowledge for me and others in the professional industry of theatre.
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Increased Na/K Ratio Increased Blood Pressure in Male College Students
HIEE: Research
Increased Na/K Ratio Increased Blood Pressure in Male College Students
Objectives: The detrimental effect of high sodium (Na) intake on blood pressure (BP) is widely recognized. Of late, potassium (K) intake has gained recognition as a factor in hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine if an increase in the Na/K ratio is associated with higher BP in WSU students. Methods: We evaluated self-reported two-day diet records for 73 male and 183 female students. Sodium and potassium intake were calculated using Diet and Wellness Plus and the participant's BP was measured. Partial correlations were conducted between BP and the following variables: Na, K, and Na/K. Results: Neither male nor female participants' BP was associated with Na or K intake (p > 0.05). However, an increased Na/K ratio was associated with higher BP in males (r = 0.254, p = 0.29), not in females (r = 0.04, p = 0.79). Conclusions: Our study shows that male and female BP may be affected differently by NA/K ratio consumption. In males, the Na/K ratio was predictive of increased BP. Controlled variables were chosen because of their relation to sodium (exercise, fluids, calorie intake, and eating out), the Na/K ratio influenced BP even with these controls.
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Early and Sustained Effects of Music and Boat Motor Noise on Zebrafish Larvae
HIEE: Community Engagement
Early and Sustained Effects of Music and Boat Motor Noise on Zebrafish Larvae
The spread and modernization of human society is exposing wildlife to more man-made sound than before. In aquatic environments, wildlife is subject to the sounds of boat motors, oil drilling, sonar, and more. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a commonly used aquatic research organism and I used larval zebrafish to study if they were affected by noise. Larvae were exposed to three noise treatments (no noise, classical music, boat motor) because boat noise is expected to increase stress and classical music is expected to reduce stress. Noise was played for 120 minutes each day from 4 days post-fertilization (dpf) through 7 dpf. Anxiety levels and heartrate were measured at 5 and 7 dpf to assess the early and sustained effects on larvae. Single factor ANOVA tests found no statistical difference in anxiety levels or heartrate at 5 and 7 dpf, yet results were closer to expectations at 5 dpf than at 7 dpf, suggesting acclimation may have occurred. However, the anxiety response differed from the heartrate response at 5 dpf, suggesting there is more to be understood. Additional replications could help determine the generality of these preliminary findings.
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Personality and Political Activism
HIEE: Research
Personality and Political Activism
Our study looks at the potential correlational link between someone's extraversion or introversion and their likelihood to participate in political activities like signing petitions, voting, and attending demonstrations. This study is on behalf of the Walker institute of politics and public service. In order to collect data on the subject we created a survey that would be given to Weber State students on campus and via social media. The survey was designed to measure the respondent's level of extraversion from low to high based on their responses and then their likelihood to participate in a list of activities related to political activism. We will use a quantitative form of analysis to compare how introversion and extraversion compared on their levels of political activism. This study is important as it could demonstrate that certain personality types are more likely to make their opinions heard while others go unheard. The results of this study could be used to determine ways to better include different personality types in the political system.
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Lighting Design Presentation at the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival
HIEE: Research
Lighting Design Presentation at the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival
I am a student in Design and Technical Management in Theater at Weber State University. Over the course of my time here, I've completed several projects. Most recently I was the lighting designer for our Fall production of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. I was immensely proud of my work on this production and spent many hours working to create the best design that I could. Presenting at this festival was an amazing opportunity. It let me share my process and my piece with colleagues and working professionals in my industry. I was able to gain feedback on my process from those peers and those in the working industry and further my knowledge in the design process. I also took workshops at the festival, also furthering my knowledge and allowing me to attain more skills. It was also an excellent networking opportunity. I was able to meet others in my field who I could potentially be able to work alongside in the future. I won the regional award at the festival, which is allowing me to travel to DC to present my research there, and to do what I mentioned previously but at an even higher level. This opportunity meant so much to me and I was able to further my abilities, as well as my career itself, allowing me to be even more successful both at Weber State, and in my own life.
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An Hour of Play Time
HIEE: Community Engagement
An Hour of Play Time
Alternative Spring Break in Atlanta, Georgia, focused on public health by volunteering with Cool Girls, Inc and Friends of Disabled Adults and Children (FODAC). Cool Girls is a weekly after-school program for girls in second to eighth grade, offering them academic support, life-skills development, physical fitness, nutrition programs, and exposure to STEM. In addition, FODAC provides refurbished equipment and services for adults and children with disabilities to improve their overall quality of life. Their mission is to provide free or low-cost wheelchairs and other home medical equipment, vehicle, and home adaptations to individuals locally or internationally. Both FODAC and Cool Girls aim to support their communities in different manners but with similar missions, to help every individual have access to every opportunity available to those outside their community. Whether it be by helping girls academically, developing life skills, improving self-esteem, or providing support for children and adults to be mobile despite their disability, both programs have contributed to the overall well-being of the Atlanta community. Working alongside FODAC and Cool Girls showed me that what is genuinely cherished by non-profit organizations is the wiliness to share our time with others. They truly cherished our presence and willingness to participate during our time with them. In FODAC, I was part of the team that helped construct sturdy boxes to mail three different types of wheelchairs to a child in need in Mexico as well as creating a shipment that consisted of PPE to ship internationally. Working with FODAC helped me comprehend that any donation could be more impactful than imaginable. I donate slightly used items and money when given an opportunity, but I have never contemplated the impact that it can have. FODAC made me more conscious of how a donation might be minimal to an individual but have a lasting effect on others. Working with Cool Girls has profoundly impacted me as an individual. The girls were confident in themselves, eager to learn, and they were very enthusiastic about having us join them in their day. It showed me that I need to be more open to learning from others and be more welcoming to the opportunities to have others join me in my day, even for an hour. In addition, they showed me the importance of playtime. Plato quote, “You learn more about a person in an hour of play than in a lifetime of conversation” crossed my mind as I ran to unfreeze others, cheered for my team as we rushed to win tic tac toe, and as I failed to grasp the rules of ninja. As an adult, I had forgotten the joy of playing simple games. One would think I have more skills to offer, but the genuinely unique skill is connecting with the girls and spending quality time with them as you encourage their growth. Finally, a key takeaway I will cherish from them is their advice to become confident: which were as follows: say a little prayer and go for it, ask for help, and, my favorite, believe in yourself; why not. Without a shadow of a doubt, I gained so much more from this experience than I could have possibly given to FODAC or Cool Girls.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder Accommodations in Children's Museums
HIEE: Research
Autism Spectrum Disorder Accommodations in Children's Museums
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological and developmental disorder with a wide variety of symptoms and severity, mostly affecting learning, communication, social interactions, and behavior. The Ogden Treehouse Children's Museum noticed an increase in museum participation of children with ASD. The purpose of our research is to improve the experience of neuroatypical children at the Ogden Treehouse Children's Museum. The Treehouse Children's Museum is a critical community resource that seeks to foster family literacy through connections and interactive imaginative play with exhibits and activities from some of the most well-known children's stories. The museum appears to meet and exceed this mission for typically developing children. However, the number of neuroatypical children attending the museum is increasing. Whether the museum's exhibits and activities meets these children “where they are” and maximizes their unique abilities is unknown. We sought to address that gap in our understanding and make accommodation suggestions if needed.
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The media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian war compared to the Iraq invasion
HIEE: Research
The media portrayal of the Russo-Ukrainian war compared to the Iraq invasion
The media can influence public opinion and policy making by highlighting certain issues and downplaying others. This paper highlights the power of media framing to shape opinions and emotional reactions to events, as demonstrated by the differing portrayals of the invasions of Iraq and Ukraine. Previous research has shown the Western media bias toward other countries. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the media influenced public opinion of the Iraq and Ukraine invasions. Using the theoretical foundations of agenda-setting theory, this study analyzed newspaper articles, television programs, news programs, YouTube posts during the first week of the invasions. Data was analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Results demonstrated more favorable portrayals of Ukrainians over Iraqis, in that Ukrainians were praised for their bravery in resisting foreign occupation, unlike Iraqis who were labeled as terrorists for fighting for their own freedom.
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Addressing Utah’s Water Sustainability Challenge: Issues and Actions by Utah Business and Non-Profit Organizations
HIEE: Research
Addressing Utah’s Water Sustainability Challenge: Issues and Actions by Utah Business and Non-Profit Organizations
Despite the water scarcity challenges faced in the state of Utah, there has been no systematic study of water sustainability practices within Utah's business and non-profit sectors. To address this research gap, we use a qualitative research approach with chain-referral method to identify case studies of leading practice among manufacturing, service, education and other non-profit organizations. Along with discussion of a hierarchy of water management practices, we identify effective strategies that organizations can adopt to improve their water usage and conservation. Because our findings are based upon the Utah context, they are particularly relevant to Utah managers, policymakers and other decision-makers, who can leverage the insights gained from our analysis to reduce their organization’s water footprint. Wider adoption of these leading practices will contribute to the greater social and environmental objectives of improved water sustainability in the state, as well as benefit individual organizations through improved operational efficiency, reduced water-related risk, and strengthened stakeholder relations.
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Mindfulness In the Classroom: Effects on Academic Performance, Test Anxiety, and ERPs
HIEE: Research
Mindfulness In the Classroom: Effects on Academic Performance, Test Anxiety, and ERPs
Exams are an unavoidable part of academic institutions that is believed to examine a student's understanding of the course material. While they are essential to academic achievement, it is a major stressor in university students. Over time, undergraduate and graduate students have reported an increase in psychological stress which plays a major role in hindering an individual's academic performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation on anxious apprehension and its relation to test anxiety in university students. Anxious apprehension is a primary cognitive component of anxiety characterized by worry and verbal rumination about perceived threats in the immediate or distant future. Previous research studies have shown that mindfulness meditation contributes to lower levels of anxiety, higher self-confidence, active attentional control, and improvement in emotional and cognitive effects. By using EEG, we can measure event-related potentials (ERPs) characterized by inhibitory attentional and control processes in students during a performance threat conflict task.
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Politics Efficacy at Weber State University
HIEE: Community Engagement
Politics Efficacy at Weber State University
Predictors (demographics of an individual) of political efficacy will be compared against one another to determine levels of political involvement by an individual based on their age, gender, and race. This project is being completed in order to assist the Olene S. Walker institute by determining which individuals may be most inclined to interact with their institute and activities. Participants are all undergraduate college students attending the Ogden Weber state campus. Instrumentation involved a brief self-reporting questionnaire that participants accessed via QR code or URL. Data was collected through Qualtrics in an anonymous manner. The proposed outcome is that individuals of a certain age range/gender/race will see themselves as a more politically efficate individual than others. The Olene S. Walker institute will then apply this data by canvassing to more specific groups of students.
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DNA Barcoding of Parasites Associated with Great Salt Lake Brine Shrimp
HIEE: Research
DNA Barcoding of Parasites Associated with Great Salt Lake Brine Shrimp
The Great Salt Lake ecosystem represents one of the world's most important bird habitats, with over 300 species of birds utilizing the waters throughout the year. Around one-third of all waterfowl in the Pacific and Central Flyway, some three million individuals, spend part of the year in the GSL ecosystem either nesting or feeding in preparation for spring and summer migrations. The brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana, is one of two main invertebrate food sources for the birds that utilize the lake. In addition to their ecological importance, brine shrimp support a commercial harvest operation valued at over $50 million annually. Numerous studies have identified cestode parasites infecting brine shrimp populations as secondary hosts. Cestodes have a two-host life cycle and it is thought that they affect the shrimp by modifying their pigmentation and by changing their foraging behavior. These changes may make the shrimp more conspicuous to avian predators thus increasing the chance of parasite transmission to the primary hosts. This study uses cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes to identify the parasites associated with Great Salt Lake brine shrimp. Using DNA barcodes, we can confirm cestode identification based on morphology and compare cestode diversity from these hosts with those examined from other ecosystems.
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Tapering Before NCAA Division I Cross-Country Competition Reduces Plasma HDL-C But Has No Effect
HIEE: Community Engagement
Tapering Before NCAA Division I Cross-Country Competition Reduces Plasma HDL-C But Has No Effect
Exercise is known to raise HDL-C levels, but its impact on structural apolipoproteins of HDL-C is unknown. Before competition, cross-country athletes undergo a tapering period with reduced physical activity. This study aimed to investigate whether protein components of lipoproteins were modified during tapering. We hypothesized that structural apolipoproteins Apo-A1 and Apo-CIII of HDL-C will decrease with reduced exercise. Twenty-seven D-I cross-country athletes, ages 19 to 25, were followed for one season. Blood was collected during the preseason and postseason and analyzed for HDL-C, LDL-C, and total cholesterol (TC) levels through enzymatic spectrophotometry, Alfa Wasserman Ace Axcel®. Apo-A1 and Apo-CIII were measured through Immunohistochemistry MAGPIX® multiplex assays. Using IBM® SPSS Statistics 25, a paired-samples t-test compared preseason and postseason values. Our results demonstrated a significant decline in HDL levels but no change in LDL or TC levels. Nonetheless, the LDL-C to TC ratio increased noticeably, indicating that the LDL-C particle contained more cholesterol than the HDL-C particle. Apo-A1 and Apo-CIII showed no statistically significant change. Tapering lowered HDL-C, however, there were minimal changes to its main structural component. This suggests that rather than a reduction in the number of individual HDL particles, cholesterol is likely migrating from HDL to other lipoproteins.
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Development of a Drone Robot for Emergency Evacuation
HIEE: Research
Development of a Drone Robot for Emergency Evacuation
The purpose and objective of this project is to design and develop a drone or drone-like robot with vision systems and test if it can consistently identify occupants inside a building facing an emergency i.e., active shooter, fire, earthquake. Recent drone technology has led to a wider range of uses in which drones can be beneficial, specifically within the field of first response and emergency situations. Using a predesigned drone kit with raspberry pi capabilities, our team has been working to program flight paths and a vision camera, to be used as a tool to identify people who need assistance inside a building during an emergency. Flight testing presented small mechanical issues that were resolved with new non-damaged items, and we determined how much payload the drone could withstand. This helped our team decide how to mount the vision camera to the drone frame. The drone flight testing was limited because of cold weather impacting LiPo battery power. Our team was able to program a simple specific flight path that the drone was able to follow. Looking forward, future groups should be able to test more complex programmed flights and begin to incorporate vision camera capabilities.
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Remittances impact on corruptions levels in developing countries
HIEE: Research
Remittances impact on corruptions levels in developing countries
The purpose of this study is to further the understanding of how remittances influence corruption. Remittances have become a major form of capital inflow to developing countries around the world. Current literature surrounding this topic hasn't reached a solid conclusion as to the impact of this new type of foreign aide. Using OLS modeling and political risk indicators to control for remittances, the results will tell that remittances are negatively correlated with corruption. While a country's culture, government type, and demographics could lead to differing results.
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Cyanobacterial Light-sensing across the spectrum
HIEE: Community Engagement
Cyanobacterial Light-sensing across the spectrum
Cyanobacteria light-color sensing across the spectrum Cyanobacteria utilize light as a source of energy through oxygenic photosynthesis. Light is also a critical source of information, allowing cyanobacterial cells to “see” their environment and control important processes and behaviors such as phototaxis, cell aggregation, and global gene expression changes. In this presentation, we describe our characterization of two photoreceptors from F. diplosiphon: BG147 and BG598. Interestingly, both are single-domain cyanobacteriochromes, meaning they have the ability to sense light color, but they do not have an output domain to transduce the signal. Each photoreceptor has a unique light-sensing profile. We also discuss how each photoreceptor likely evolved independently, focusing on the differences between these two photoreceptors and other known cyanobacteriochromes that sense light across the light spectrum.
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Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging to Determine Vinyl Record Degradation
HIEE: Research
Scanning Electron Microscope Imaging to Determine Vinyl Record Degradation
Many record cleaning solutions contain powerful chemicals that may be causing damage to the records they are meant to protect. Four chemicals, each having different chemical properties, were selected to determine how certain chemicals may change a record over time. These chemicals are NH4OH, HCl, Acetone, and Isopropyl Alcohol. Through repeated exposure and imaging, I hope to identify any trends that indicate the chemicals are damaging the records, such as discoloration, deformation, chemical deposits, or cracking on the record's surface. Hopefully, this study may produce further studies on the subject of record maintenance.
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Examining the Relationship between Trade Balance and Exchange Rate: the case of the U.S. Trade with Canada
HIEE: Community Engagement
Examining the Relationship between Trade Balance and Exchange Rate: the case of the U.S. Trade with Canada
This paper examines the relationship between the exchange rate and the trade balance between the United States and Canada. Quarterly time series data from 1991(Q1) to 2021(Q4) and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression method is used to examine the relationship between variables of interest. I find a positive but insignificant relationship between exchange rate and the U.S.-Canada trade balance. Keywords: Exchange rate, Trade balance
Are antibiotic resistant bacteria able to survive the wastewater treatment process?
Antibiotic resistance is an emerging worldwide issue that has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. The key contributors to this issue stem from medical and agricultural practices. Antibiotics are over prescribed by medical professionals, misused by patients, and improperly disposed of. They are also commercially and agriculturally utilized to treat crops and livestock as a preventative measure to combat diseases. The mass use and misuse of antibiotics creates a gateway for bacteria to become resistant. Bacteria are able to horizontally transfer and share their genes through methods known as conjugation, transduction, and transformation. This phenomenon can occur amongst bacteria of the same species or those that are unrelated, which enables bacteria to confer antibiotic resistance. This project evaluated whether antibiotic resistant bacteria were able to survive the wastewater treatment process. Samples were taken from every step of the treatment process and then cultured on MacConkey agar supplemented with tetracycline to assess antibiotic resistance. 60 isolates were selected for DNA extraction. The 16S rRNA genes of these samples were amplified via PCR and sequenced via Sanger sequencing Microbacterium were found throughout multiple steps of the process from the main influent to the final effluent and biosolids.
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Are antibiotic resistant bacteria able to survive the wastewater treatment process?
HIEE: Research
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Designing A Gas Cylinder Stand For A Multi-Gas Sintering Oven
HIEE: Research
Designing A Gas Cylinder Stand For A Multi-Gas Sintering Oven
In support of a sintering oven for 3D-printed metal parts manufacturing, a gas cylinder stand was designed and manufactured for use in a Northrop Grumman Corporation prototyping laboratory. Northrop Grumman sponsored the project, provided design specifications, and supplied metal tube and bulk sheet materials. Design features considered safety regulations, maintaining a minimal footprint, ease of access for swapping gas cylinders, valving and tubing access, and portability. Additional funding was provided by Weber State University's Office of Undergraduate Research program and Mechanical Engineering Department for additional materials and certified welding labor. The finished gas cylinder stand provides an efficient design for Northrop Grumman that is easy to use and sufficiently robust to last many years beyond the intended lifetime.
33
Antibiotic resistant bacteria that can be found in public areas
HIEE: Community Engagement
Antibiotic resistant bacteria that can be found in public areas
Antibiotic resistant bacteria pose a great threat to the health of all humans. Bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics are very difficult to kill when an infection occurs. Our bodies are left to fight these foreign invaders by themselves with often not much luck. It is important to understand where these antibiotic resistant bacteria reside and if they can be found in some of our most public places. This information can allow for updated and more efficient cleaning procedures and greater awareness of the public about how they can decrease chances of exposure and infection. We collected samples from common areas on campus, each consisting of a 3M quick swab and a swab area of 7cm. Two swab samples were taken from the Weber State soccer field, one from the bleachers and the other from the railing lining the bleachers. The other two samples were taken from the Weber State Shepherd Union building in common areas, a lunch table and a study seat. We then performed dilutions up to 10^5 for each swab and plated on the diluted samples on petri plates with non-selective media and incubated the plates at 37 degrees Celsius for 48 hours. Any bacteria growing on the plates will be isolated and run through a Kirby-Bauer test, which tests for antibiotic-resistance. Results are currently pending, however if antibiotic resistant bacteria are detected in our common areas, we will communicate our findings to the university Facilities Management to increase awareness of these potentially dangerous bacteria and the cleaning procedures necessary to minimize exposure.
34
Synthesis and Examination of Chalcone Derivatives for Antitumor Activity
HIEE: Research
Synthesis and Examination of Chalcone Derivatives for Antitumor Activity
Chalcones and their derivatives have properties with important implications in the medical field. They are studied for their possible anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer capabilities. Our research this semester has been oriented around two main goals: to find a way to quantify the yield of the reactions and test new reaction conditions that best promote the formation of modified chalcone derivatives with anti-tumor abilities. So far, we have been able to utilize the aldol condensation reaction, to successfully isolate a derivative of chalcone with a substituted naphthyl group in place of a phenyl group. We had also used the reaction between cyclohexanone and benzaldehyde to test any differences in rate or yield when differing the basic catalyzing agent from sodium hydroxide to lithium hydroxide. We had hoped to determine a more efficient way to measure the percent yield of our reactions through spectrophotometry. By measuring where our products read on the visible light spectrum, we hoped to use De Broglie's equation to solve for the product's mass and, in theory, calculate its percent yield. However, we decided to move forward without the use of spectrophotometry after encountering problems obtaining legible results with the equipment used.
35
Deposition of fullerene on glass substrates using chemical vapor deposition
HIEE: Community Engagement
Deposition of fullerene on glass substrates using chemical vapor deposition
The goal of this research was to develop a method of thin film deposition of fullerene using a tube furnace. These films are of interest as a cheaper and easier to make alternative to current electron conduction layers in device manufacturing. This method will need further refinement as analyzing the film samples with a scanning electron microscope shows that the films are either inconsistently deposited, contaminated, or were damaged at some point in the process or storage.
36
Effects of Aerobic Activity Compared to Sauna on Plasma Uric Acid and Heat Shock Protein 60 Levels
HIEE: Research
Effects of Aerobic Activity Compared to Sauna on Plasma Uric Acid and Heat Shock Protein 60 Levels
Aerobic exercise provides multiple health benefits mediated by increased body temperature, vasodilation, sweating, and more. In this study, we sought to investigate if sauna-induced heat therapy has similar effects as exercising aerobically, for the same amount of time on plasma uric acid (UA) and Heat Shock Protein (HSP). Plasma from fourteen participants (age 23 ± 2 y, BMI 26.5 ± 5.5 kg/?) was collected and tested. Each participant completed a randomized crossover, counterbalanced control study, consisting of a 30-minutes sauna (SAU: ~132°F/~56°C), cycling (EXER: ~40-50% HRR), or sitting (CON: control). Blood was collected pre and post-completion of each activity. UA increased after 30-minute cycling exercise (pre 3.52 ± 0.16 vs post 3.67 ± 0.15; P = 0.03). Furthermore, there is no change in HPS60 among all groups. Results show that 30-minutes cycling (40-50% HRR) increased UA concentration, but not HSP60. This is in accordance with previous studies that exercise builds up lactic acid which prevents plasma UA excretion, as well as exercise increases vasopressin which concentrates plasma UA. For HSP60, sauna did not affect plasma UA and HSP60 levels. Longer exposure and/or higher intensity may be required to observe significant changes.
37
Timing and Genesis of Mineralization in the Silver Island Mountains
HIEE: Research
Timing and Genesis of Mineralization in the Silver Island Mountains
The Silver Island Mountains, in western Utah, contain the geologic record of at least 500 million years of the evolution of western North America. Additionally, there are zones of highly altered rocks and potentially valuable ore deposits. Paleozoic marine deposits and undated intrusive bodies, high angle normal and transform faults, along with hydrothermal fluid alteration were identified throughout this area. The purpose of this project was to understand the timing, genesis, and evolution of metal deposits in order to assess the viability of economic deposits in the area. We accomplished this by mapping faults, fractures, and chemical alterations in the field. We observed crystalline structure using the scanning electron microscope, determined elemental composition using energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and identified crystalline structures and phases using X-Ray diffraction. Faults and fracture sets with chemical alteration were consistent with hydrothermal intrusion suggest an epithermal mineralization pattern. These structural and mineralogical observations are consistent with a gossan-style deposit. With field results in combination with lab results, the area looks promising economically and warrants further investigation into the viability of large-scale mineral extraction.
38
Wooden Rocket Nozzle
HIEE: Community Engagement
Wooden Rocket Nozzle
This report provides details regarding the exploration of certain high density exotic woods as potential rocket nozzle substitutes. 3D carbon-carbon or graphite nozzles currently used on military grade rockets are either costly to manufacture or heavy. Few other options have been developed since a viable material must be able to survive the extreme conditions produced by the exhausted gasses of a motor. A nozzle must ablate at a predictable rate, slow enough to provide adequate thrust during operation. If the nozzle profile is not maintained, the rocket may experience catastrophic failure. In consideration of their high density, low heat conduction, and relative strength, five non-domestic wood specimens with specific gravities greater than one were selected for testing. Relative ablation rates were determined for each specimen through extreme environment exposure and key feature comparison. Static motor testing and an ANSYS finite element analysis were also employed to generate additional conclusive data. Based on the data, Desert Ironwood has the highest plausibility for success if used on an airborne vessel. The results of this project are not assumed to be definitive. However, important steps have been taken towards the confirmation of particular organic solids as viable substitutes for aerospace applications.
39
Antibiotic-resistant Colonies in Residential Garbage Runoff
HIEE: Research
Antibiotic-resistant Colonies in Residential Garbage Runoff
Antibiotic-resistant microbes can be introduced into the environment through livestock, produce, and human waste. These microbes gain antibiotic resistance when exposed to antibiotics in small enough amounts and survive. These microbes then go on to spread their resistance through horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Pathogenic bacteria can acquire these resistance(s) and cause higher mortality rates, medical costs, and longer hospital stays (WHO, 2020). My experiment's purpose is to see if these antibiotic-resistant bacteria persist in our residential waste and if their concentrations are cause for concern. I started by gathering a sample from an undisclosed waste management service that housed residential trash at their facility. The garbage they collect never touches the soil, but rather sits on top of a drainage system and liner where the water can be directed to a nearby manhole. I gathered several samples of this liquid before it went into the manhole and kept it in the same temperature range as the original environment. I then plated several dilutions on NA, NA tet3, MacConkey, MacConkey tet3, and MacConkey tet30. A few colonies of interest were then plated on Kirby Bauer agar, and a separate sample was run through DNA analysis.
40
Advanced Directives and You
HIEE: Research
Advanced Directives and You
Advance Directives (ADs) were introduced in the Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990. The purpose of this document is to “Ensure that a patient's right to self determination in healthcare decisions be communicated and protected.” Individuals that are 18 and older can complete this document to ensure their healthcare decisions and end of life care wishes are met. This document is important as it ensures greater patient empowerment as it clearly documents preferences for healthcare treatments and end of life planning. Advance Directives can also bypass expensive end of life services that might not be necessary for the patient's end of life wishes. Aside from the patient, AD's can alleviate the emotional burden of friends and family making important medical decisions for the patient, living or deceased. A low 15% of healthcare providers in Utah have protocols in place to talk about Advance Directives with their patients. Educational efforts across the nation continue to raise awareness of the importance of having a living will and agent to make decisions on your behalf if you aren't able to yourself. The form is simple to complete, yet not a lot of Americans know about their ability to protect their healthcare decisions and end of life care.
41
Topical Bacteriophage Treatment Against Common Epidermal Infections
HIEE: Research
Topical Bacteriophage Treatment Against Common Epidermal Infections
Bacteriophages have shown promise in killing resistant organisms and in controlling infections to antibiotic resistant organisms. Both S. aureus, specifically MRSA, and S. pyogenes are common in epidermal infections and their respective bacteriophages have proven effective in resolving epidermal infections. While broad spectrum bacteriophages targeting these bacteria have been assessed in topical administration, little research has been published on bivalent phage therapies. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a mixture of S. aureus and S. pyogenes bacteriophages in treating common skin infections that may be resistant to topical antibiotic creams. Laboratory strains of S. aureus and S. pyogenes will be used in an in vitro model of skin infection, using epithelial cell monolayers, and will be treated with a combination of their phages. Effective phage dosing against combinations and concentrations of organisms will be determined through calibration curves. Calculations from these calibration curves will provide information about the optimal doses of the bivalent phage treatment and used to assess the ability of the phages to clear infection in the in-vitro skin model. The epithelial monolayers will have different groups assigned to them, namely: controls for both bacteria and bacteriophages, individual bacteriophages in a mixture of MRSA and S. pyogenes, and finally a mixture of both genera of bacteria and both groups of bacteriophages. Following treatment, supernatant and cell layers will be tested using a standard IL-36 ELISA and confocal microscopy to assess overall pathology and success of the phage treatment compared to that of the control epithelial monolayers. If successful, the bivalent phage therapy will show reduction of bacterial growth and tissue damage. This would provide insight into how bivalent phage therapies treat wound infections and how it may reduce future reliance on antibiotics.
42
The Cost of Living: How Insulin Price Affects the Quality of Life for College Students
HIEE: Research
The Cost of Living: How Insulin Price Affects the Quality of Life for College Students
The high cost of insulin is making it difficult for Type 1 diabetic college students in the United States to attend and pay for school, or in some cases, to even survive. To improve the quality of life for diabetics, the price of insulin needs to be lowered. I will begin by explaining diabetes, in detail. Then, I will talk about rising insulin prices, the reason behind this, other costs diabetics face, the influence of insurance, and the effects this has on college students in the US. My research provides insight into the consequences of cutting down on the amount of insulin used and what can be done to help, instead. This research paper also goes into detail about the production of insulin, specifically production price versus sale price; as well as the effect these rising costs have on normal college students' quality and cost of living. All of these topics relate back to the everyday life of a college student's well-being and health, emotionally and physically. The primary research used throughout is an interview performed on a current college student who was diagnosed with Type One diabetes in their first-year of college.
43
Mapping CO2 Trajectory from Breath Plumes
HIEE: Research
Mapping CO2 Trajectory from Breath Plumes
In wake of the COVID-19 pandemic there is a necessity for better modeling how infectious particles traverse a space from your breath plume. Models like the 6ft water droplet transmission and the Wells-Riley equation suffer from having to make assumptions such as the pathogen being well-mixed within a space or that only water droplets carry infectious particles which travel short distances. With data on the directionality of one's breath plume, a more accurate model could possibly be designed or at least the current models could be adjusted given appropriate situations. To collect the data on the particles path we've constructed an apparatus with a grid of CO2 sensors that measure CO2 air concentration to test different conditions (temperature, pressure, and location) as the plume leaves the body. Currently we've only collected data on a small-scale apparatus which, even with the smaller scale, revealed that there is a semi-distinct spike in concentration in a common direction amongst all the sensors with a select few spiking rapidly. Validation of this data however is currently unavailable due to a lack of other measurements to compare to what we have observed.
44
Brain-eating amoeba rescue-of-infection model using drug combinations
HIEE: Research
Brain-eating amoeba rescue-of-infection model using drug combinations
Naegleria fowleri, a free-living amoeba capable of causing fatal human infections of the central nervous system, is commonly known as the “brain-eating amoeba.” The organism is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an extremely rare and typically fatal infection. The danger of this organism is largely due to the rapid deterioration of brain tissue that occurs upon infection, and diagnosis of infection largely occurs post-mortem. Of 154 documented cases in the United States, only 4 people have survived N. fowleri infection. Typical PAM treatment requires an empirical approach, by testing drugs with unknown efficacy. We are testing five drugs that the CDC mentions as potentially useful: amphotericin B, azithromycin, fluconazole, miltefosine, and rifampin. To evaluate which single-drug and combination-drug treatments will be most effective in clinical settings, we are using a rescue-of-infection model where cultured human HeLa cells are infected over several days until ~50% cytotoxicity is observed. Rescue tests then commence by adding drugs and observing the cell viability of the infected human cells they infect (apoptosis levels). Combinations of drugs were able to kill Naegleria and protect HeLa cells. These results provide a greater understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this devastating infection.
45
Multidrug resistant Rahnella aquatilis and its associated phage
HIEE: Research
Multidrug resistant Rahnella aquatilis and its associated phage
The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a phenomenon that has likely occurred even before the advent of antibiotic medications. Humanity has misused antibiotics, facilitating the evolution of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Although MDR species are often associated with medical settings, antibiotic resistance can be found in all environments. We have isolated a strain of tetracycline-resistant Rahnella aquatilis from a pond in Layton, Utah. R. aquatilis is a gram-negative bacillus that is found in freshwater and can cause endocarditis, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections in humans. We are currently performing further tests to determine if our environmental sample is MDR. As antibiotic resistance continues to threaten global health, novel ways of fighting these MDR bacteria must be found. Phage are naturally occurring viruses that specifically target bacteria and phage therapy has proven to be a new and promising method for killing bacteria that are resistant to antibiotic medications. These treatments are often safe in humans because the phage is extremely specific to bacteria, reducing the risk of viral infection in human cells. If we can find a bacteriophage that is specific for R. aquatilis, we can exploit this virus to create a treatment that specifically attacks this microbe. It is likely that a phage developed alongside our environmental sample. We will test the environmental soil sample for phage. If phage is present, there may be an avenue by which it can be exploited to fight MDR resistance in the environment.
46
Alternative Spring Break in New York City
HIEE: Community Engagement
Alternative Spring Break in New York City
My name is Kimberly and during spring break I went to volunteer along with Alternative Spring Break in New York City. The purpose of this volunteering is helping out our community and gaining new skills along with knowledge to help others in my local community. The community outcome for this project was helping the community in different ways. For example at the hostel we help paint the doors, rooms, etc. This taught me that little things can make a big difference. Also, at the bowery mission in Brooklyn New York they served a lot of people everyday and I was a part of cutting the chicken and making sure they are ready to be cooked. This helped a lot of people no matter where they came from because they are open doors to anyone. After volunteering I have reflected on all of the new skills and knowledge that I have learned. For example, I learned that no matter how small or big the project is, it will change someone's life. Additionally, I learned that in New York they have different organization whether that's small or big that are willing to help anyone in need. This inspired me to reach out to local food banks and organization to help others in different areas of Utah such as Davis County. The most important thing I learned on this trip is that one person helping another can make a huge difference in their life.
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Costume Design for Eurydice
HIEE: Research
Costume Design for Eurydice
I had the honor of costume designing Weber State University's production of Eurydice. This poster presentation was taken to compete in this year's Kennedy Center American College Theatre Festival for region 8. I was awarded Honorable Mention for my outstanding costume design.
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Angel's Landing Map
HIEE: Research
Angel's Landing Map
In this project I portrayed the three-dimensional topography of the Angel's Landing trail in Zion National Park in a two-dimensional map. The landscape was portrayed by combining shaded relief, atmospheric perspective, and topographic contour lines. A shaded relief uses light and shadows to show how terrain might appear if illuminated by a light source at a certain angle and height above the earth (Price, 2020). Blender, a three-dimensional rendering tool, was used to convert a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) into a realistic depiction of the terrain with a complex model of how light scatters, reflects, and casts shadows (Huffman, 2022). Digital Elevation Models describe the earth's surface using raster images where each pixel corresponds to the elevation at a corresponding point on the earth's surface. Elevation in the map was also conveyed with colors simulating the effects of atmospheric perspective. Atmospheric perspective causes objects that are far away to appear as cooler colors, and closer objects to appear as warmer colors (Jenny & Hurni, 2006). So, from an aerial perspective, lower elevations are farther from the viewer and should have a blue or green tint, while higher elevations are closer to the viewer and have a red or yellow tint. Finally, topographic contour lines were also used to convey the three-dimensional terrain. Topographic contours are lines drawn on a map that connect areas of equal elevation. Closely spaced contour lines are understood to represent steep terrain, while more widely spaced lines represent flatter terrain. References Huffman, D. (2022, January 13). Creating Shaded Relief in Blender. Something About Maps. https://somethingaboutmaps.wordpress.com/2017/11/16/creating-shaded-relief-in-blender/ Jenny, B. & Hurni, L. (2006). Swiss-Style Colour Relief Shading Modulated by Elevation and by Exposure to Illumination. Cartographic Journal, 43 (3), 198-207. Price, M. (2019). Mastering ArcGIS Pro. McGraw-Hill Higher Education (US).
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Does Air Pollution Affect Productivity?
HIEE: Sustainability
Does Air Pollution Affect Productivity?
The research analyzes county-level datasets on demographics, output productivity, air pollution, and atmospheric conditions across time to determine a relationship between air pollution and labor productivity.