Cardiac Markers after 24 hours of admission
| Cardiac Marker | Normal Range | Patient Values |
|---|---|---|
| Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) | 25-90 U/L | 630 U/L |
| CPK-MB (cardiac-specific) | 0-7 U/L | 45 U/L |
| Troponin 1 | 0-0.4 ng/ml | 3.9 ng/ml |
Instructor's Notes:
As we see from the results above, there is a significant rise in the cardiac serum enzymes and the cardiac-specific protein troponin-I. This is expected in patients with an with AMI and represents the heart's delayed response to release of these substances after tissue damage. Typically, these markers "plateau" after 24-48 hours and then begin to return to normal as the heart tissue heals.
Additional Blood Tests Relating Risk Factors of Heart Disease:
| Test Name | Normal Value Range | Patient Value |
|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol (total) | 150-250 mg/dl | 325 mg/dl |
| Triglycerides | 75-165 mg/dl | 275 mg/dl |
| Phospholipids | 150-380 mg/dl | 465 mg/dl |
| High Density Lipoprotein | 34-69 mg/dl | 21 mg/dl |
| Low Density Lipoprotein | 105-180 mg/dl | 265 mg/dl |
Instructor's Notes:
The risk factor tests show increases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. These are lipids (fats) bound to their carrier protein molecules and abnormal levels are contributors to the formation of coronary plaque. The decrease in High-Density Lipoproteins (the so-call "good cholesterol") is significant because they play an important role in bringing cholesterol back into tissue, thus reducing plaque formation by reducing the amount circulating in the bloodstream. The increase in the "bad cholesterol" LDL, is also significant because it increases oxidative processes that contribute to plaque formation in the coronary vessel wall.